Governance and Authority

Introduction

One of the more important aspects of our Christian lives is to understand and properly apply and respond to Godly/Biblical authority and governance. This subject concerns groups and individuals. Godly governance and authority is correctly understood by very few and the practice of such is almost non-existing in our day and age.

Without a clear understanding of how God expects His people to directly interact with Him and His Son, there can be no in depth relationship with them. One that states we know God and Jesus on a personal and intimate level.

The Churches of God (organizations) today are sincere in their efforts to provide the membership with a system of governance and authority that serves and helps the member to grow in maturity and knowledge of God and Jesus. However, because many assumptions are made and because man’s basic desire is to control and influence, we have set-up unintentional barriers in our relationship with God.

Men, especially those, who believe they have a mission from God or are “unique” often become high-handed and arrogant in how they treat the membership. Their action and behavior is often covered with pious expressions of love and concern with which to justify an intrusive and judgmental approach, often using scriptures to confuse and cow the sincere but perplexed member. So it is the scriptural relationship they think to build is hindered and buried under layers of authoritarian rule and regulations that prevents not only the member but also the ministry from achieving what they so greatly desire for others as well as for themselves.

Understanding how God and Jesus directly govern their church is crucial. Understanding the role of the “ministry,” meaning elders and overseers, in this process of governance/authority is basic. The membership understanding its duties and proper response to the authority of the elders and overseers is a necessity. All these things must be as one if the church congregation and individual are to grow into the full truth and faith of God the Father and Jesus Christ.

The purpose of this paper is to help bring clarity to the principles of governance and authority used in the early New Testament church. The early church times and our modern mechanical and electronic age are in a sense two different worlds. Regardless, people and their natures and how God intends things to be, are unchanged.

Once the principles and practices are understood, then the use of common sense and wisdom assists in the ability to institute and apply a Godly system of governance/authority that is responsive to the leading and direction of God’s Holy Spirit. This understanding enhances the ability for His people to approach Him and His Son without hindrance – a personal, warm, and true faith based relationship. An additional benefit of God’s Spirit working directly in us is the ability to function effectively and without compromise in today’s modern world.

Why the Confusion

The disciples of Jesus, the Messiah, had a rivalry among themselves as to which one of them should be considered the greatest. In Luke 22: 25-27, Christ explains the basic principle for true Christian leadership. The greatest is he who truly serves his fellow man without thought to position or reward. Jesus was among men as a servant – to the point that He finally gave His life so that we might gain everlasting life. In all ways, Jesus set for us the perfect example of service in all areas of life. Luke 22:25-27 – Jesus said to His disciples, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them; and those who exercise authority over them call themselves Benefactors. But you are not to be like that. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who rules like the one who serves. For who is greater, the one who is at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who is at the table? But I am among you as one who serves.”

In order to clarify His position as servant for all mankind, He washed the feet of His disciples, leaving for us an example; true service founded in humility. None of the four Gospel writers mention any lecture on government and authority to maintain control of people and congregations. Christ constantly taught His disciples and us to love, serve, refrain from sin, and stay close to God the Father. John 17:26 states, “We are to have the love of Jesus in us” – our lives are to be a reflection of how Jesus would be living His life if He were now here on this earth.

Matthew 24:24 tells us that Satan has deceived the whole world. In our effort to avoid deception, one important area of study is government. Once people are deceived into believing they must follow and give allegiance to a certain person or organization, they become entrapped. Here we speak of religious systems and organizations, recognizing and fighting off and coming out of these deceptions is difficult, because it appears there is some type of divine authority supporting the error and false teaching. Error mixed with truth can be very hard to detect, when the two are intermingled, it is a great task and challenge to sort it all out.

From about 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D, most of the western Christian world was Catholic; if not by choice, than by force. The popularity of the clergy was in a constant state of decay as their abuses and selfish interests multiplied. Heretics were hunted down, corruption was ripe, “forgiveness for sins” was for sale. The church owned a quarter of all property. The “celibate” priests and monks had steady concubines or affairs with parishioners. The scriptures were read only in Latin and interpretation was as it pleased the needs of the moment and the priest’s agenda. The Protestant Reformation brought reforms but found a Catholic Church interested only in excommunicating anyone challenging their authority. Printing allowed enough people to be reached who were equally tired of the Catholic abuses. During this time over a dozen translations of the Bible were produced. Most were banned; copies burned and many executed for their “crimes.”

Henry VIII was King of England from 1509 to 1547. He became a staunch defender of Catholicism, but quickly lost his enthusiasm when the Pope refused to grant him a divorce from his wife Catherine. Catherine seemed unable to produce a male heir. In 1532 he declared himself head of the Church of England and stopped payments to the Pope, plundered the monasteries and executed heretics of his church.

His son Edward VI was too young to rule and from 1547 to 1553, a council governed England. Edward died young. Mary I, Henry’s oldest daughter, became Queen, she married the very Catholic King of Spain and shortly England was in the fold of Rome. Her persecutions against the Protestants earned her the name “Bloody Mary.” After five years Mary died, bringing Elizabeth to power. Elizabeth favored the Church of England and pretty much let the Catholics be as they were. She was eventually excommunicated by the Pope.

King James in 1604 takes the throne. Within a few months, he calls a conference to produce a new translation of the Bible. There was a desire for one uniform translation. But also, this new translation was “to be ratified by his royal authority; and so the whole church was bound unto it and none other.” (Cardwell’s History, pg. 187) The king specified no marginal notes. James saw himself as the head of the Church of England and would have no other religious groups or sects basing their doctrines on disputed knowledge and understanding of scriptures. The mission was to produce a translation that would unify the existing Church of England under King James – not the all-powerful creator God of everything. Considering many held the belief that the king was “God’s government on earth,” the translators gave him what he wanted, an “authorized version” that supported the national church, but was otherwise as accurate as possible. When a little error is mixed with vast amounts of truth, it is hard to detect and can go unnoticed for a long time, which is what King James allowed in his translation.

‘Ordination’ Doctrine Forced Into the Bible

Most understand an “ordination” to be a decision favored or even made by God that is marked here on earth with a ceremony, and/or by “the laying on of hands” or just witnessed by the faithful. You cannot find this in an original languages Bible. There is no Greek word for ordain. There are 13 different Greek words that are occasionally translated “ordain” in the King James Version. Every one of these Greek words is usually translated as some other English word. For example Mark 3:14 says, “He ordained twelve that they should be with Him and He might send them forth to preach.” The Greek word poieo is translated “ordain” here but it is a very general word used over 500 times and usually translated “do” or “make” or “appoint.” The New King James Version has appointed instead of ordained. The Greek cannot be forced to mean a ceremony or laying on of hands. He appointed twelve disciples that is all. Some other words translated “ordain” do have a meaning closer to mark out publicly or “to arrange,” but none have a meaning anywhere close to the Greek hagizao which means “to set apart for a holy purpose.”

These facts can be verified by Young’s Concordance and the Englishman’s Greek Concordance. An English Bible cannot be found to contain a Scripture that says the “laying on of hands” is an ordination or that people become ministers by ordination. Acts 8:12-17, “…the laying on of hands was used to give the Holy Spirit at baptism…” Here in context, we see baptism and the laying on of hands to receive the Holy Spirit as necessary steps in establishing a relationship with God. Acts 6:3-6 – “Brothers, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.”

These verses do not show some sort of ordination or setting apart, but rather explains that certain men had been given duties of service. There was a ceremony that asked God for His blessing and by the laying on of hands an extra measure of His Holy Spirit for help in performing these responsibilities. Acts 13:1-3, “…now separate, (that is, God has chosen for a purpose) to me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I call them.” Here we see God had some specific things in mind, not ordination to some sort of office. Going to V3, “than having fasted and prayed and laid hands on them, they sent them away.” What we have here is two men selected by God for a work or mission, a specific job. Fasting and prayer was part of the preparation. This ceremony focused on these men and their God-given mission. A part of which was a request for God’s Holy Spirit, along with the laying on of hands, the means of giving or transferring the Holy Spirit.

Just as healing is not permanent, there is no indication that spiritual gifts are permanent. Stephen was given the job of ministering (caring for the widows in Acts 6), but in Acts 7, he is found preaching to national leaders. Many church government ideas would collapse when one realizes the concept of an ordained ministry is not in the Bible.

Ministers and Deacons Not Different

Both are servants. In the 1611 Authorized Version, the word “minister” is translated from the Greek “diakonos” (noun) or “diakoneo” (verb) meaning “to minister.” Interesting all occurrences of deacon and deaconess are translated from these same words. The New Testament writers did not have two different “offices” in mind and than use an identical word for both. You cannot raise someone in rank from a diakonos to a diakonos, both are servants, with different responsibilities.

King James needed to justify his church offices so his translators supplied him with what he needed. It should be understood, diakonos does not imply any kind of elevated or ecclesiastical position. It simply means a working servant and is so translated thus, many times. John 2:9 – The servants who had drawn the water. Diakonos does not mean a teacher in the congregation because this word is used to describe women who were not allowed to teach. (I Tim 2:12). In John 12:2, Martha served Jesus. In Romans 16:1, Phoebe was a servant of the church. Scriptures do not support the traditionally taught two classes of people: the “ministry” and “lay” members. The term lay is not even found in the King James Version. Had the Greek diakonos been always translated servant – people would have understood Christ’s organization of His church.

What about a self-appointed minister (servant)? I Corinthians 16:15 – The house of Stephanas “addicted” (King James Version) or “devoted” (New King James Version) themselves to the ministry (service) of the saints. The Greek word tasso, whenever used in the New Testament should be translated appointed, determined or some other decision-making word that fits its Greek meaning. The King James Version translation and others have used a variety of words concerning this verse to hide the true meaning of appointed. They could not accept the fact that Stephanas appointed himself to service of the brethren. This would go against their doctrine of a central appointment of all “ministers.” There is nothing wrong with a person deciding to serve and help others. (Not be a boss or over lord of some sort). In Acts 18: 24-28 Apollos set himself as a teacher and was accepted. However, Apollos had an education and background that was not complete until Aquinas and Priscilla taught him more fully and accurately. It appears God intended for Apollos to serve as a teacher (1 Corinthians 3:6) His fruits were proof to the brethren.

These plain everyday Greek words, if correctly translated by the King James translators into everyday English, would have made matters clear. Diakonos was correctly translated in some places, but when it suited their purpose church terminology (minister or deacon) was used. This habit left readers (English readers) with the idea and belief that Scripture actually was supporting exalted church offices, rather than jobs of service for members within the church of God.

The Greek word episkopos is translated “bishop” in four places where it seems to apply only to a few men. Conveying the authoritarian idea of a boss or exalted leader over many congregations. In Acts 20:28, it is correctly translated “overseer” because Paul was addressing all the elders of Ephesus (v. 17-18). King James did not permit the “high office of bishop” to be mentioned in a way that made it appear only as equal to a common elder. So his translators obscured it. Many later translations are at least consistent and translate the Greek in Acts 20:28 as “bishop.” Overseer is a much better translation for episkopos if we understand it as someone that looks out for the welfare of others, not someone that bosses or presumes authority upon others.

The closely related Greek word episcope – meaning inspection or overseeing causes a similar problem. In Luke 19:44 and I Peter 2:12, it is translated visitation where it refers to an individual’s inspection or judgment. However, “leadership” in Acts 1:20 and also “office of bishop” in I Timothy 3:1 appear to look like a church office. During the first century early church overseers were selected from elders (older men) of the congregation to take care of the administrative needs of a congregations or possibly several congregations. Overseers for the church of God as a whole are needed for various preaching and teaching responsibilities to the world. (Preaching the kingdom and reaching out to whom God calls.)

Other religious offices are enhanced. The Greek poimen is translated “shepherd” 16 times but pastor in Ephesians 4:11-12 where are listed the various functions for the members of Christ’s church. Eph. 4:11-12 –“ It was he who gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers.”

The Greek word euaggecion is everywhere translated “gospel.” The similar word euaggelist, evangelist, should be translated “gospel-preacher.” The clear relationship of the two words is easy to see. Instead there are references to evangelist, pastor and teacher, assumed by many to be ecclesiastic ranks and not functions, which is the meaning these titles convey as seen in V12.

Matthew 16:18 is a translation error known by many “and I say also unto you, that you are Peter (Petros – small stone) – and upon this rock (Petra – large mason rock) I will build my church.” The Greek clearly show the Messiah’s “assembly” or “church” is not built on Peter, but on Himself. The English makes no distinctions between the size of rocks. It leads us to believe the church was built upon Peter, this is not so. Mat. 16:18 – “And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.”

Hebrews 13:17 (King James Version) has been a troublesome verse by what some assume it says. “Obey them that have rule over you, and submit yourselves: For they watch for your souls, as they must give account.” The Greek peitho (obey) is usually translated “persuade or trust” it contains the idea of becoming friend and cooperating. The Greek pietharcheo, used for obeying God or kings (Acts 5:29, and Titus 3:1) was not used here. The Greek Hegeomai (rule) is more often translated “count” or “think.” Here it means leaders or those that must give account. It also can mean one who has official authority. Elders and overseers have “official authority” to see that all is done decently and in order. And, also authority to deal with heresy and public sin within the assembly. The Greek hupeiko (submit) is not a term of absolute submission, but one of peaceful cooperation. Most other places the English submit is translated from the Greek hypotasso. This word does not mean under absolute authority. It is used for brethren submitting to each other. (Romans 13: 1-5; I Corinthians 16:6; Ephesians 5:21; I Peter 5:5). These verses imply a spirit of cooperation with leaders of Christ’s congregation. It does not set up the ecclesiastical monarchy that King James wanted. Our leaders should encourage us to imitate them as they imitate Jesus. So said Paul in I Corinthians 11:1 – “Follow my example, as I follow the example of Christ.”

In Hebrews 13:7, we find the Greek hegemoai (have account). “Remember, those who rule over you are accountable, who have spoken the word of God to you, whose faith follow, considering the outcome of their conduct.” So we are to consider the outcome or fruits of a leader, not his every word. If a leader or leaders stop imitating Jesus and His Word, we stop imitating them.

A possible better translation for Hebrews 13:17 would be – “Trust them, cooperate with those who lead you, peacefully submitting yourselves for they have responsibility for your lives and are accountable.”

What About Voting In the Assembly

The Greek word cheirotoneo literally means “stretching forth the hand” in earlier Greek literature it meant “selecting by show of hands.” However, some references conclude that the word changed meaning over the years to simply “appointed.” Josephus’ Antiquities contain a letter from Alexander, son of Antiochus Epiphanies; who of his own decision “ordains” (cheirotoneo) Jonathan as High Priest. Does this example change the meaning or prove that cheirotoneo has come to another meaning? Is it that Alexander simply misused the word to make his unlawful action appear correct? The new High Priest was supposed to be the son of the last High Priest. If no son existed, a vote was often taken. In effect, Alexander’s action makes Jonathan the obvious puppet of Alexander. A show of hands, even if rigged, would have given a certain measure of credibility.

There are two verses that use cheirotoneo. Acts 14:23 – “And when they had ordained, appointed, (Cheirotoneo – selected by a show of hands) their elders in every church.” II Corinthians 8:19 – “And not that only, but who was also chosen (Cheirotoneo, selection by show of hands) of the churches to travel with us…” Weymouth’s New Testament in Modern Speech uses the expression, “selected by show of hands,” in both these verses. Adam Clark and other commentaries agree with this translation.

Historically, most Jews of that time (New Testament times) accepted the idea of voting in the synagogues and in the Sanhedrin. If voting was wrong, then we would expect Jesus to have taught his apostles this truth which they would have taught the congregations. Luke and Paul clearly use the word cheirotoneo.

Ekklesia most often translated “church” instead of congregation or assembly. Here again is another case of choosing old theological terms to keep people in line, rather than choosing the best translation. The Greek word ekklesia simply means assembly; it did not imply a specific organization or some type of building. In Acts 19:32, 39, and 41, ekklesia is translated “assembly” three times. In Hebrews 2:12, a quotation from Psalm 22:22, the Hebrew Qahal, is usually translated congregation in the Old Testament (The New King James Version has it assembly).

“Congregation” or “assembly” is a much better translation of ekklesia. Certain translators of 1500’s did it this way. The problem was that a correct translation would point people away from the historical “church.” King James considered it heresy for people to think that they could meet together without the “ordained clergy” or some type of official church building. What would happen to the power and money provided through the church? Thus our Bibles are full of the word church – the Catholic and Anglican term of the day.

Kingdom confusion. Luke 17:21 was translated “the kingdom of God is within you” to perpetuate the teaching the church was the kingdom of God on earth. People could not read and thus easily accepted this notion. They could not see for themselves, the many parables about a future coming Kingdom. They could not read the context and see that Christ was not talking to his disciples, but to the non-believing Pharisees. The Greek word entos (within) is also used in Matthew 23:26 when it describes things contained by a plate or cup but not embedded inside the material. Luke was simply saying that Jesus, representing the Kingdom, was standing among them.

What Is The Government of God?

Throughout the Bible there are described many forms of government. The phrase “government of God” never appears in any well-known Bible version. Scriptures shows no consistent form of government, which God always uses with humans. Hebrews 1:1-2 says there are differences of ministries (diakonia), but the same Lord. For God’s elected the end of the matter is found in Matthew 28: 17-19 – “And Jesus came and spoke to them. Saying, ‘All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all nation.’” Jesus did not transfer his power to human government but retains it in heaven, where He is our high priest. In the future, there will be additional governmental chances as we read in Revelation 21: 4-5.

Governments are important. The Bible is essentially a book on how people should behave towards our Creator and others. Mark 12: 28-31 – “One of the teachers of the law came and heard them debating. Noticing that Jesus had given them a good answer, he asked him, ‘Of all the commandments, which is the most important?’ The most important one, answered Jesus, is this: ‘Hear, O Israel, the LORD our God, the LORD is one. Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength. The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no commandment greater than these.”

Always some type of structure is needed when people are close or grouped together and get in each other’s way.

There is evidence of at least ten different “government” systems through the Bible.

1. Government in heaven. God has a large “host in heaven” and there is government there. Many chapters in Revelation give some understanding to how it works.
2. Pre-Flood Government. Difficult to gain information about. God did speak directly with Adam, Noah and others – there were laws and enforced; man’s failure to obey brought the flood.
3. Government of the patriarchs. Abraham was commended for keeping God’s Law. What was necessary was known by Abraham and his faithful descendants. There is some evidence that Abraham had direct access to God on occasions. Disputes and disagreements were worked out among themselves. As when Abraham and Lot had a disagreement over grazing lands. No evidence of a priesthood or system of judges.
4. The Sinai Government. We have much information on this government. It was designed to be as fair as possible, with checks and balances. It was understood that humans would be running this government.
5. The government of the kings of Israel. God allowed this government because that is what men wanted. He said it would be oppressive. At times, there were good kings, but many bad kings made life difficult for the people.
6. Human Civil Government. Daniel 4 tells us God controls this world governments, but allows them much leeway. Pilate thought he had power against Jesus, but He clearly told Pilate that all power is from above.
7. False “Church Government.” Many have been deceived by those claiming to possess church authority. There have been many false systems down through the ages. Two characteristics common to false government: Leaders that like to be preeminent over other men and put others out because of disagreement (bad attitude) and associating with others they deem unfit for one reason or another. Also, they tend to seek control of money.
8. The millennial Government. The Prophets and many parables describe the millennial government, the Kingdom of God on earth. This government will be both a civil and religious government. It will have kings; there will be assemblies of believers-it will be overseen by Spirit born children of God. David and the apostles will hold high ranks.
9. Human Family Government. This limited but all important government has more authority than any other form of human government. Parents have nearly complete control of their children. A man is even allowed to nullify a promise his wife makes. (Number 30:12) It is basic and will be among the most important in the world tomorrow.
10. Government of the Assembly of Faithful Believers. This government is the principle focus of what we will be discussing in much detail. God’s Holy Spirit is available to the people of this government and thus we should be capable of reflecting God’s love in our dealings with each other. But we are human and sin is common in each of us and there are always the unconverted among us. The exercise of this government is most challenging but also has the greatest rewards. It is again important to note this government is spiritual in nature. It does not replace national governments. All its members are in training to become kings and priests, but no human king or priest is over it. It is directly ruled by Jesus Christ.

Foundational Scriptures

Before continuing on, I encourage you to read from your own Bibles the following verses. Proverbs 29:2; I Corinthians 11:3; Ephesians 5:21-29; Ephesians 6:1; I Peter 5:5; John 15: 14-17; Mark 10:42-44; Revelations 1:6. From these scriptures there are several principles that should be acknowledged.

1. It is good to have the righteous in authority. Be they spirit beings, fathers, dictators, elected officials, congregational leaders, employers, military generals or any other position. Truth is the form of government matters less than the righteousness of those that govern.
2. The strongest Biblical line of authority is from God the father, to his son Jesus, to man and to his family. Other governments are given almost no rights to interfere here.
3. A husband and wife have much stronger authority over their family than religious leaders have over the brethren. Jesus directs His people to do that which is good for his “assembly” or “congregation” of believers. A husband is responsible to direct his wife and family only in ways that benefit his wife and children. What is good and best for them comes before anything else.
4. All authority is to be used to serve others, not to elevate ones self. All the saints are to submit to each other as the needs and circumstances require. Christ who was far superior to the apostles treated them like friends. He held back nothing, they always knew what He thought. Converted human leaders are greatly obligated to treat members and brethren like friends. Everything must be done in love. This is all possible because we have God’s Spirit in us.
5. Our reasonable responsibility to exercise authority over others is so that we can help, that is to serve others. All who endure to the end will become kings and priests. God is not training and preparing one group (“ministers”) to exercise authority and another group “laymen” to be only obedient followers.

The Church In the Wilderness (Ancient Israel)

In the Old Testament there are two Hebrew words translated government, dominion, or rule: memshala and misra. The first place one of these two words is used is Genesis 1:16 – “Then God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule night.” God could have inspired the word shine (Hebrew yapha) instead of rule. There is a lesson here for us. These great lights provide a service to man. They do as God intends and no man can stop them or take away their position. But they do not exceed their authority. In Genesis 1:26 man was given dominion over every living thing on earth, but not over his fellow man. Human leaders from the beginning have never learned this lesson.

The New Testament shows the flow of authority from God to His Son, to man, to man’s wife, and his children. The Old Testament also shows this authority. The death penalty was given for those who cursed the Eternal or cursed their parents (Leviticus 24:16, Exodus 21:17). It was the responsibility of the parents not the government to determine if a son or daughter was incorrigible and recommend the death penalty (Deuteronomy 21: 18-21). In Exodus 22:28, God tells the people not to curse their rulers, but does not prescribe the death penalty. God gave the people, not the priests, authority to stone false prophets (Deuteronomy 13: 1-11).

The priests and levites had certain specific duties in acting for the people on behalf of God. They served to manage and work the sacrificial system and the tabernacle and later, the temple. They also acted as instructors of the law for the nation. At times they were counselors to kings, conveying God’s word to them. But we do not see them exercising political authority over the people.

Israel in the wilderness and even before the exodus, had leadership, structure and organization. Within each tribe there was a system of elders and leading men to deal with disagreements and also the more serious breeches of human conduct. However, once the people had received the instruction of the law, the local tribal government was no longer considered adequate. The people now sought Moses for judgments.

In Exodus 18: 13-26, the hierarchy suggested by Jethro to Moses was for the purpose of judging disputes between people. The captains of tens, hundreds and thousands were not part of a dictatorial government system, legislating taxes, assigning jobs, telling people how to run their personal lives and so on. It was Moses who asked the people to choose who they wanted as judges – those already leaders and not respecter of persons (Deuteronomy 1:13-17), apparently Moses also did some choosing (Exodus 18:25).

This method of picking local leaders should not be forgotten. The people, on occasion, choose men acceptable to them. A recognized leader could also exercise the right to select for the people, exercising any special discernment or inspiration he may have been granted. People who sought judgment from these men were to obey the decision (Deuteronomy 17:8-13). Isaiah 1:26 – “I will restore your judges as at the first.” Is this a reference to Moses and Old Testament times? I believe this is a reasonable assumption.

Family government was strong, much more so than national government. In Numbers 30, if a man’s wife or unmarried daughter made a vow (promise), the husband and father had the right to over rule and cancel the vow. God said he would honor the decision, even though the promise was made to Him, God. (verse 5). No such authority was given to the priests or congregation leaders. In these matters, they did not come between a man, his wife and God.

The New Testament Congregation

Today God no longer has an administering civil government. The governments that affect us today are our national, state, and local civil government and the government of God’s people, His congregations or church (ekklesia).

What is God’s congregation? Philippians 4:3 – “Yes, and I ask you, loyal yokefellow, help these women who have contended at my side in the cause of the gospel, along with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the book of life.”

Converted Christians have their name in God’s Book of Life. Colossians 1:13-18 shows us clearly that the “church” is the Body of Christ. I Corinthians 12:12 shows there is one body with many members. I Corinthians 12:4-6 talks about “diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit, there are difference of ministries (services to others – diakonia), but the same Lord. And there are diversities of activities but the same God who works in all.” This seems to have reference to several congregations of the same mind, but has also been taken by some to be several groups of God’s people, all existing at the end time, but not necessarily in agreement. Revelations 2 and 3 refers to different bodies, as different congregations (ekklesia).

Who Is The Head?

One of the first questions people ask about an organization is “Who is the head—who is in charge?” For the Church of God, a good question with a complete answer. Ephesians 5:23 – “Christ is the Head of the church, His body of which He is the Savior.” When questioning about a religious organization this usually is not the answer they are looking for. They want to know who the human leader is, and who the physical leaders are. For as much emphasis as some organizations place on top down government, it is amazing the New Testament does not contain a single statement about a human head of a congregation. Some publications make statements about who the leader is and why he should be obeyed. John 20:29 said it is very difficult to believe in a leader that we can not see. One must believe Christ is leading, or what is the purpose for attending with a congregation (assembly of believers). There is a tendency, I believe, for God’s people to reason – “Our congregations are scattered and small, and lack signs and spiritual power. Give us a human leader or a group of leaders that we may rally around him (them) and do the work.” Many church organizations have claimed in their sermons and printed material that a “work” would be disorganized and ineffective unless it is all under the control of one man or group of men. I believe these statements deny the power of the one true leader. Isaiah 8: 9-20 is an analogy that has some application to our discussion. This scenario has been repeated hundreds of times throughout history. The religious leader may or may not be successful in “fighting the battles” and doing the work, but nearly every one will receive money from the people, put them to work on service projects, and judge the people there own way – always protecting their own interest. We should not look to a system, any system, for principles to govern God’s congregations. A strong human leader can always enforce a political kind of “unity.” There is no guarantee he will lead in all truth – contrary to what he might say.

Positions of Leadership and Service

Apostles and Prophets are the Foundation

There are several helpful scriptures in our study, yet there is no section giving a complete organization plan.

Ephesians 2:20-22 –“The church congregations of God are being built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone. In whom all the building fitly framed together grows into a holy temple in the Lord. In whom you also are built together for an habitation of God through the Spirit.”

Ephesians 4:11-15 –“And he gave some apostles and some prophets and some evangelists and some pastors and teachers; For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ: Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ: That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; but by speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ.”

I Corinthians 12:28-31 – “And God has set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues. Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Are all workers of miracles? Have all the gifts of healing? Do all speak with tongues? Do all interpret? But covet earnestly the best gifts; and yet show unto you a more excellent way.”

These verses make it clear that Christ is the head. Under Jesus we have apostles, those men who had direct and intimate contact with Christ. Their job was to firmly establish the truth and congregations of believers throughout the Roman world. Many of the epistles deal with these two missions. It also can be seen in the apostle’s writings they made certain revelations and predictions. They discussed the state of Christ’s church through the ages.

The prophets as revealed by the Old Testament books had an important position and spoke for God, as inspired. Two of their responsibilities were to identify and explain the coming Messiah and to write many prophecies, especially for the latter days, the end time – the period we now live in.

These two positions were necessary as God through Jesus Christ established His one and only true church. Nobody since the beginnings of the apostolic New Testament church has been called and qualified to these two offices. These two positions are for spiritual leadership, not for physical administration. Also, we see many different spiritual gifts given to different individuals – not just to the apostles or “ministry.” (see Romans 12:3-8 and I Corinthians 12: 1-22). Paul told all to desire gifts. In I Corinthians 12: 28-31, he gave a certain measure of order to three of these gifts. Listing apostles first, for they were taught directly by Jesus. Prophets second as they spoke for God. Teachers third, because they have the critical responsibility of expounding the scriptures. No military-style ranking structure shown here. There is no Biblical example of raising the rank of a servant. The synagogues of the time of Jesus and Paul, which many believers attended, did not have a ranking structure. If Jesus and the apostles made these huge changes in the organization of the congregation than they certainly would have made it clear to their generation and recorded as such for all generations.

Scripture does not tell us that we must “lay hands on” men before they can do any of the listed jobs. However, there are several examples of the laying on hands for some of the job responsibilities. Acts 6:6 – serving the widows. Acts 13:3 and Acts 14: 4 – Barnabas as an apostle. I Timothy 4:14 and II Timothy 4:5 – Timothy as an evangelist. We find no scriptures against the practice of laying hands on men for specific duties within the congregation, understanding this is not rank- but a position of service acknowledged before God and seeking His Spirit in fulfilling the responsibility. Also, it is not necessarily a permanent situation – circumstances change for any number of reasons.

It is good to use Biblical functions and names. For example, overseers are primarily responsible for administrating local congregations; an overseer may have other duties and the responsibility for various activities of several or many congregations. Teachers are responsible for teaching within the congregation, explaining God’s Word and application to life. Servants or helpers are responsible for both physical and spiritual service.

The purposes of these gifts is not to control or manipulate believers, but rather to equip the saints (members) for the work of service, to obtain the fullness of Christ and so they will not be fooled or confused by false doctrines of men.

Many church organizations take the approach to “shelter the flock” and make them dependent upon the shepherds (Ministers) for everything. But we see that Jesus wants all of us to be like Him. Matthew 5:48 and John 17: 20-23. The human (hireling) shepherds sometime move, die, lose their jobs or turn into wolves. One of the purposes of spiritual gifts is to train all the brethren to be like an elder, so that we all can stand both now and in the kingdom.

It is clear the leaders do not have dictatorial authority over the members, but this most certainly does not mean Christ’s congregation (church) is disorganized. Romans 12: 6-8 and I Corinthians 12: 4-11 show the Body of Christ is organized and leadership is a gift to be exercised. The preaching of the Gospel and Sabbath services were to be organized activities. People helped the servants (elders) as they were able (Colossians 4: 7-17).

Qualifications For An Apostle

An apostle (Greek apostolos) is one sent. The important question is: who did the sending? Paul states, “Paul, an apostle not from men, nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised Him from the dead.” Most Scriptural reference indicate that they “were sent” I Corinthians 1:1; II Corinthians 1:1; Galatians 1:1; Ephesians 1:1; II Timothy 1: 10-11; Titus 1:1; I Peter 1:1; II Peter 1:1; II Peter 3:2; Jude 17.

Philippians 2:25, “Yet I consider it necessary to send you Epaphoroditus, your messenger…” even though apostolos is used here, most translations have “messenger” – trying to show a difference between the divinely appointed apostles and others not so. When apostolos is used without qualification, it apparently refers to the true apostles. When scriptures tells us the body is founded on the Apostles and Prophets (Ephesians 2:20), it must be referring to divinely appointed apostles and prophets, not those who self appoint or appointed of men.

The original twelve were chosen directly by Jesus after all-night prayer (Luke 6:12-13 and Mark 3:14-15) “And He appointed twelve, that they might be with Him and that He might send them out to preach, have power to heal sickness and to cast out demons.” the only thing we see here is these men were to witness Christ’s work and then demonstrate His power and truth to others and as other verses state – raise up congregations. John 15:27 – shortly before His death Jesus repeated this purpose to His apostles. “And you shall bear witness, because you have been with Me from the beginning.” There is no stated purpose of organizational leadership and governmental authority.

Shortly after Jesus’ death the disciples realized they should replace Judas. In Acts 1:21-22, they choose from men that had accompanied them all the time when Jesus was alive. “They,” the disciples (V 5 and 23), found two men that met the qualifications: Barabbas and Matthias. They did not take upon themselves to appoint a new apostle, they prayed the Father’s decision and cast lots (verse 24-26). In Galatians 1:19 later James, Christ’s brother, became an apostle. 13 apostles, for 13 tribes.

Paul was called directly by Jesus. See Acts 9: 1-19; Acts 22: 6-21 and Galatians 1:11-24. Paul was chosen and taught directly by revelation from the Messiah for a short period of time. Paul and Barnabas were sent to the Gentiles (Galatians 1:1,12,18) Paul did not claim he was head of the Gentile converts and that God’s government was through him – no apostle made this claim. II Corinthians 12:12 – He talks about the signs of an apostle. II Cor. 12:12 – “The things that mark an apostle—signs, wonders and miracles—were done among you with great perseverance.”

In Acts 14:14, Barnabas is referred to as an apostle. Acts 13: 1-3 – “Now separate to me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them, …then having fasted and prayed and laid hands on them, they sent them away.” Their work, taking the Gospel to the Gentiles. Barnabas must have been well known by them, he sold his land and gave them the money. Also they gave him a new name, an indication of familiarity.

Because of their time spent directly with Christ, the apostles were charged with teaching doctrine (Acts 2:42; Ephesians 2:20; and II Peter 3:2). there are no indication of any other apostles being divinely appointed after Matthias, Paul, Barnabas, and James.

Many throughout history have claimed to be apostles, even some in Sabbath-keeping groups. None claim to have been taught directly by Jesus. Most claim to have been taught by the Bible. Most of these “apostles” were taught by the King James Version and not aware of significant translation errors. Most thought they were ordained ministers, a separate class of people, an idea no where taught in the original texts. Many of these “apostles” of men provided leadership and taught a measure of truth, but they were not “sent of Jesus Christ” in the same sense as the original twelve, and those few later added

What About Prophets In The New Testament?

Prophets speak directly inspired messages about God’s way of life for mankind and what his future intentions are (Deuteronomy 18: 18-19; Daniel 9:6; Amos 3:7). God usually reveals his message in a dream or vision, notable exceptions are Abraham and Moses, whom he spoke with face to face. Prophets give the message, the people and leaders may or may not listen. Prophets may anoint leaders (Samuel anointed Saul and David) but the anointed leader is not responsible to or under the authority of the prophet.

God has always warned that there would be false prophets (Deuteronomy 13:3; I John 4:1; Revelations 2:20). We are commanded to hear the true prophets and remove from our fellowship those who prove themselves to be liars and not of God. I John 4:1 – “Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world.”

In recent “church of God” history, prophets have not played a significant role. It may be there has not been a true prophet of God among His people for hundreds and perhaps for two thousand years. Claiming to understand Biblical prophecy and making predictions does not make one a prophet. In Hebrews 1:2-4, in the past, at various times and in different ways, God used prophets, but since Jesus Christ and His word everything we need to know is available and understandable. In Luke 16:16 the Law and Prophets were until John, but Jesus preached the Kingdom of God, a complete message, which included the law, and thus no longer a need for prophets. I Corinthians 14:3 – “But he who prophesies speaks edification and exhortation and comfort to men.” Here it means one who speaks publicly.

Public speaking is a form of teaching and the major component of prophecy today—no new revelation, just explanation and instruction. The following verses concerning prophets are interesting reading and a worthwhile part of this study on prophets. Acts 11:26-28; Acts 13: 1-3; Acts 15:32; Acts 21: 10-12, 14; Deuteronomy 13: 2, 18:22; I Corinthians 14:29-33; Ephesians 3:5; Revelations 11:3, 10 and Revelations 22: 8-9.

The Key — Church the Bride of Christ

There are two overriding principles that should always be kept in mind. First, everything is to be done decently and in order. This implies that there is a structure of authority and leadership within the congregation and church as a whole. Second, that wisdom and understanding are to be found among a multitude of counsel, in those whom resides God’s Holy Spirit. These two principles properly understood and applied are the keys to a happy, spiritually growing and productive congregation. As we go into specifics about a Christ centered and Spirit lead assembly this will become very clear. True called out Christians, who believed and received God’s Holy Spirit are to have a direct relationship to God the Father through Jesus Christ. No man or organization should presume to step in or in some way insert themselves in that relationship. This, however, is not the understanding and practice of many of the church of God organizations. The relationship of God’s church is that of the bridegroom (Jesus) and the bride (His church), engaged, (betrothed) promised in marriage.

Any man who should think to cast his eyes and attention upon Christ’s future wife is making a serious mistake. We as the church await the marriage supper and we have a great responsibility to protect our undivided love for our future husband. We must fight off and shun anything direct or overt that could in anyway tarnish or lessen this relationship. We must remain pure and undefiled. Any church organization and/or minister who misuses authority or presumes upon the brethren by a careless and self serving approach to scriptures will answer to God.

The Gift of ‘Prophesy’ Today

A prophet, if one should come up in the congregation, may be a teacher and/or other kind of servant. II Timothy 2:15 – “Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed and who correctly handles the word of truth.” All members have an obligation to know Scripture so that what matters can be proved one way or another.

It may be a man or a woman believes that God has revealed something that should be passed onto the congregation, how should it be handled? Certainly we do not want false speaking among us nor do we want anyone to exalt themselves before the brethren on a false pretense. Also we do not want to deny God’s will, if this should be His way to prove something, show a new thing or give correction.

Anyone who believes he/she has a bonafide revelation should first take it to the elders who will give due consideration based on prayer and council. If they believe it is valid that person given the revelation should make the presentation to the congregation, thus all concerned will hear and be responsible. God does not appear to be using this method of instruction and correction at this time. What the future may bring is another matter.

Congregational Functions and Gifts

Apostles and prophets. As shown by scripture, are appointed by God, not man. Throughout scriptures we do find listed various spiritual gifts or service jobs in the congregation. Before proceeding it will be very helpful to read the following verses. Romans 12: 6-8; I Corinthians 12: 7-11; I Corinthians 12:28-13:1; Ephesians 4: 11-15; I Peter 4:8 – 11. There does not appear to be any divinely inspired “government plan” for congregations, however, there are necessary jobs, duties, and responsibilities within a healthy congregation.

Administrator, leader, shepherd or pastor. These jobs are closely related to overseers (bishops). Duties can include, selecting speakers, managing the meeting place and accounting for locally collected monies, this does not necessarily mean control, caring for assets and managing the promotion of Jesus, His Gospel message and the Kingdom of God. In II Corinthians: 8:19-21, we find one selected (by a show of hands) to handle the monetary donations. Paul and those who would be receiving from this fund wanted it to be clear how the money was being used. He made himself accountable. The church and various congregations will generate money for many manifold needs. Some of this money will go to people as compensations and also to be spent as needed on divergent necessities for the good of the whole. There should be generous and reasonable leeway, but also there should be cheerful accountability. II Cor. 8:19-21 – “What is more, he was chosen by the churches to accompany us as we carry the offering (gift), which we administer in order to honor the Lord himself and to show our eagerness to help. We want to avoid any criticism of the way we administer this liberal gift. For we are taking pains to do what is right, not only in the eyes of the Lord but also in the eyes of men.”

Discerner of spirits. This is a useful gift. Some have the ability to know if a teacher, administrator, or so called prophet is speaking and acting of the Spirit or a clever counterfeit who has worked himself in among God’s people. Some people have the ability to discern the intent and sincerity of others. This is not a matter of judging, it is a matter of discerning truth and those who by their words and deeds have made themselves privately and publicly accountable.

Evangelist or preacher of the Gospel. Two times this word appears in Scripture, once describing Phillip (Acts 21:8), and referring to Timothy (II Timothy 4:5). These men were doing the work of an evangelist. They were taking and preaching the Gospel to others. This was not an office, but a job they were doing not divinely appointed as the apostles. A single congregation or group of congregations may support a person in accomplishing this type of work. In Romans 10:14-15 (NKJV), one who preaches the Gospel of Jesus and the Kingdom of God may also be a teacher among the brethren, but the two are different responsibilities with specific purposes. In Romans 15:20, Paul talks about preaching the Gospel, the fact is most reference to Gospel preaching often includes Paul.

Exhorter. This would be a person who encourages, strengthens, inspires and motivates others to do good and to do even better, such as a person dealing with a difficult problem. Exhorting can be done publicly, such as speaking before an assembly or in a private conversation.

Faith-filled person. There are those who have undeniable steadfast faith in God. They know He will take care of them and the congregations. It is contagious; they help others to be uplifted and more positive in knowing that God extends all mercy and love.

One who gives money. Many church of God groups/organizations encourage this gift above all other gifts. Money is necessary, it is important. For those who have personal wealth and are willing to give and share generously that is good. But in no way should a poor person or someone whose financial struggle is day-by-day feel inferior or ashamed. God only requires we do the best we can, if little is all then that is enough, besides there are many other ways to be of service.

Healer. One of the most desired gifts, especially to receive, is healing. Among God’s people we have the ill and seriously sick. This gift is available and at times seen in action among God’s people, but not as often or effectively as we desire. This gift comes with faith and maturity and correctly understanding the Biblical teachings. God is willing, we need to do more on our part.

Person given to hospitality. This gift is mentioned in I Peter 4:9. Among God’s people and in His congregations this gift is greatly encouraged. It is in some ways the easiest, so to speak, to apply. Physically supplying shelter and food and life’s necessities fall in this area. It also applies to sharing our homes and tables with friends and others who come into our lives or in someway are a part of our lives.

Knowledgeable person. This gift has a relationship to teaching. One who has the gift of knowledge may be able to explain complex or difficult Bible topics. This person may or may not be a good teacher. His opinions should be valued and shared.

Love. While this is not a specific gift because all are required to have it and exercise it. I Corinthians 13 tells us if we do not have love than all other gifts become meaningless.

Service to others, physical and/or spiritual. In Ephesians 4:11, we see how Jesus gave men certain responsibilities so that verse 12 could be accomplished. “Equipping the saints for the work of ministry (service), for the edification of the Body of Christ.” This includes not only physical but most importantly spiritual matters. Preaching the Gospel and preparing the way for Christ’s return is a combination of these two things. As we have earlier discussed, the Bible in its original language does not support the concept of an “ordained ministry.” There are both physical and spiritual servants. I Timothy 3:1-12 gives qualifications for elders and all servants in the congregation. Those who meet these qualifications, and have the ability or gift; will in time be exercising these gifts, working with others in service to their congregation.

Teacher or speaker. In the church of God congregations, this is most often done through sermon and sermonettes. The written Word is also very valuable for conveying knowledge. Hebrews 5:12-14 clearly makes the point only mature long time attending men should be teachers. Men who have proven themselves to be sound thinkers, faithful and have an ability to communicate ideas and information clearly.

I Timothy 3:3-10 – “Reject a divisive man after the first and second admonition.” The Greek paraiteomai (reject) means refuse, if a man is teaching contrary to Biblical doctrine and clear understanding of Scripture he should be removed as a teacher after being given two warnings. (Elders with years of experience and wisdom should work to help such a man see his error and be restored, if possible) All who teach must strive to avoid error, but misunderstanding or confusion on any one point can happen to anyone and on occasion there can be difference of opinion, but not on basic doctrine and Christian responsibility. It lies with congregations as a unit and as individual members to discern truth from error (Deuteronomy 13:3, I Corinthians 11:19).

Speaking in Tongues and Interpretation

A common misunderstanding of Scripture is the question of speaking in tongues. This is an important matter; God always has a specific purpose for His gifts. God does not give gifts that promote confusion or in some way are a means to personal gratification and have nothing to do with our relationship with Him and only cause upset and confusion – which the improper use of a tongue will do. The wrong use of tongues has it root deep in human pride.

In Mark 16 starting with verse 15, Jesus gave a commission to his disciples and to all those who come to believe. He said, “To go out and preach the gospel far and wide.” Verse 16 – “He who believes is saved and He who rejects is condemned.” (absolutely will not submit, which only God can judge) Verse 17 Jesus says, “Signs will follow – In my name they will cast out demons; they will speak with new tongues.” The church Jesus is Head of has a job, to promote Him and His good news message. The gift of tongues is given to certain men so that others will understand the Gospel message of hope and salvation. This is one man speaking to a group of men and women in their language.

In Acts 2: 1-4, on Pentecost those who truly believed that Jesus was the Messiah were gathered together. Verse 4, “and they were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues (known languages). Verse 6, “they were confused, because everyone heard them speaking in his own language.” In verse 8, they, the Galilean Jews, spoke the language of their birth. Verses 8-12– but now by a miracle of God, they spoke other languages. In verse 16, the disciples and perhaps others had been miraculously given the gift of language so that these called out ones of many nations by God could clearly understand His wonderful truths. Chapter two verse 17 proceeds to expound some of this truth. The proper use of the gift of language glorifies and honors God. Acts 10:46 – “For they heard them speak with tongues (their language) and magnify God.”

In I Corinthians 12:10 various gifts are mentioned, one of these gifts is tongues (languages). This verse talks about languages and the interpretation of the language. In verse 28, Paul talks about jobs and position of service, He mentions varieties of tongues. Some had this gift in Paul’s time. Verse 30 says, “Do all speak with tongues? Do all interpret?” If we consider verse 10 and verse 30 then there are two things understood. One may have the gift of language, he speaks it, but someone else is given to interpret. The purpose is to teach men and in the process God’s power is demonstrated and He is given the glory—not men.

There is order in the church. In I Corinthians 14:26, Paul makes a comment, apparently certain gifts were being misused in ignorance or on purpose. Paul then gives this correction in verse 26 – “Let all things be done for edification.” This includes the use of languages. In verse 27 and 28 Paul clearly sets the guidelines. “But if there be no interpreter, let him keep silence in the church: and let him speak to himself, and to God.” Paul here makes a sarcastic comment. If someone is speaking in a language not familiar to the audience, than let one at a time give interpretation and if no one is able to interpret than let the speaker be silent. These verses bring up an interesting possibility. It is clear that in the early New Testament church the gift of language and interpretation was a gift from God. But verse 39 seems to also indicate that there are some who through study have acquired the ability to speak a language different than his birth language. So let us clearly understand this matter. There may be those who God gives the gift of language or by education one has acquired this ability and so he would speak directly to those concerned. Surely God by miracle could give this gift but more than likely it is one who has educated himself in this “different” language and is skilled at interpretation. This is thus a gift to his listeners. Paul says in verse 39 not to forbid to speak in languages if there is valid reason. Talking gibberish and using non-sense words in an emotional fervor is not of God. Verse 33 and 40 plainly state, “let all things be done decently and in order.” One way or another all speaking is to be clearly understood.

The other aspect of “speaking in tongues,” I Corinthians 14: 18 and 19, Paul says, “I thank God I speak with tongues more than you all;” verse 19, “yet in the church I would rather speak five words with my understanding, that I may teach others also, than ten thousand words in a tongue.” It was not uncommon for the people of Paul’s time and of that area of the world to know several languages. Paul was a highly educated man, a Pharisee, and possibly knew two, three, or more languages such as Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. These two verses help explain the earlier verses 2-5. I Cor. 14:2-5 – “For anyone who speaks in a tongue does not speak to men but to God. Indeed, no one understands him; he utters mysteries with his spirit. But everyone who prophesies speaks to men for their strengthening, encouragement and comfort. He who speaks in a tongue edifies himself, but he who prophesies edifies the church. I would like every one of you to speak in tongues, but I would rather have you prophesy. He who prophesies is greater than one who speaks in tongues, unless he interprets, so that the church may be edified.”

The misunderstanding of these verses has caused more confusion of the tongues and the language issue than any other. Men have taken these verses as license to take leave of common sense and emotional control and give themselves over to all kinds of useless babbling and self gratification.

In verse 2, it plainly says he who speaks in tongues (a language), does not speak to men but God, for no one understands Him. Verse 4 – “He who speaks in a tongue edifies himself.” In Verse 5 Paul says he wished all could speak with tongues. Later in the chapter, he says these who speak before an audience must make themselves understood. If he speaks and is not understood, than he must speak the language of the others so that they understand or someone must do it for him. One way or another, the whole assembly must be together in what is being said.

What Paul is talking about in verse 2 is personal prayer to God. When we pray we make a spiritual connection with God. Verse 14-15, Paul says, “For if I pray in a tongue my Spirit prays, but my understanding is unfruitful.” Paul prays according to knowledge and understanding of God in his life. Prophecy brings forth that which was unknown and is of great value, but only if it is inspired of God. In verse 16, Paul than simply states that if you speak in a tongue (language) to one who does not understand you, than how can he say amen? That is, so be it, if he does not understand? I Cor. 14:14-16 – “For if I pray in a tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful. So what shall I do? I will pray with my spirit, but I will also pray with my mind; I will sing with my spirit, but I will also sing with my mind. If you are praising God with your spirit, how can one who finds himself among those who do not understand say ‘Amen’ to your thanksgiving, since he does not know what you are saying?”

In verse 23, Paul discusses the subject even more and says if you speak in a different language than understood by those around you – “will they not say you are out of your mind?” Each language is unique in what the individual word may express. The ability to communicate with God in more than one language may allow a greater expression of ones inward heart in that words have variations and shades of meaning and depending on the language the word may be so unique and rich in meaning that it conveys a thought and feeling not possible with other words of other languages. It would be good to read I Corinthians 12-14 through, perhaps from several good modern translations.

The Role of Elders

Who They Are and What Duties and Responsibility of Service Fall to Them

It must be made as clear as possible, that Jesus Christ, the Messiah is the Head of His selected, chosen and called people who constitute the true Church of God. We are directly commanded not to be called or call other men “rabbi”, “master” or “Father” (Matthew 23: 8-10)

I Peter 5: 1-6, Peter tells us that elders are not to be younger men. An elder is an older man who is known in his character, skills, understanding and wisdom. He has good people skills and is not offensive to others. I Pet. 5:1-6 – “To the elders among you, I appeal as a fellow elder, a witness of Christ’s sufferings and one who also will share in the glory to be revealed: Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care, serving as overseers – not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be; not greedy for money, but eager to serve; not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock. And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that will never fade away. Young men, in the same way be submissive to those who are older. All of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because, ‘God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.’ Humble yourselves, therefore, under God’s mighty hand, that he may lift you up in due time.”

I Timothy 5: 17-25 gives a detail discussion concerning elders. I Tim. 5:17-25 – “The elders who direct the affairs of the church well are worthy of double honor, especially those whose work is preaching and teaching. For the scripture says, do not muzzle the ox while it is treading out the grain, and ‘The worker deserves his wages.’ Do not entertain an accusation against an elder unless it is brought by two or three witnesses. Those who sin are to be rebuked publicly, so that the others may take warning. I charge you, in the sight of God and Christ Jesus and the elect angels, to keep these instructions without partiality, and to do nothing out of favoritism. Do not be hasty in the laying on of hands, and do not share in the sins of others. Keep yourself pure. Stop drinking only water, and use a little wine because of your stomach and your frequent illnesses. The sins of some men are obvious, reaching the place of judgment ahead of them; the sins of others trail behind them. In the same way, good deeds are obvious, and even those that are not cannot be hidden.”

Elders are responsible for the congregations of God’s people. For teaching, guiding, giving correction as needed, and being watchful for wolves and false teachings. Also some elders may be selected as overseers. They are to be examples and servants not lords or bosses over others. They are to anoint the sick and offer intercessory prayer for the brethren. They should have skills as helpers and counselors, being able to assist the brethren in sorting out the problems of life that at times need more than one view point. Elders and overseers have a duty to deal with sin within the congregation whether it be public or private. They are to lay hands on those assigned special tasks. An elder/overseer is worthy of compensation for his work.

What if a leader sins or make a mistake, how should it be handled? First of all, it must be clear as to what the error is and witnesses with evidence of support. We all have our private sins and difficulties and so we struggle. There are sins that easily beset anyone of us. Even if the sin is a transgression of one of the commandments, personal and private counseling is the order and rule, for if there is repentance and change, the matter is thus resolved before God and life should go on. It is not always necessary, nor wise to go beyond “need to know information.” Details that humiliate and belittle serve no useful purpose.

If the offense is serious and known before the congregation than immediate action must be taken to deal with the situation. The congregation should be advised that the matter is being handled. Necessary interim steps should be taken, and than bring forth a final solution that renders satisfactory closure, as much as possible, for all concerned. All are equal before God and anything given to anyone of us is nothing more than an opportunity for service.

Scriptures allows certain latitude in opinion and thinking. We should be able to discuss our ideas, thoughts, and new things we may be learning. However, this is not license to undermine sound doctrine and Biblical principles. The instruction of the law, statues and judgments and God’s precepts are clear for living life. At times, there may be degrees of understanding, but in the end the basic premises are understood and acknowledged. If a leader demonstrates confused thinking and or just outright departs from truth, than it must be immediately dealt with and all should know this is the case. There is no compromise with God’s truth. Mercy and compassion are always extended to one and all.

There has been a debate as to whether it was Peter or James who made the decisions in the Acts 15 Conference. In Acts 16:4, all the apostles and elders at Jerusalem were credited with the decision in that they made contributions of ideas and thought. Beyond this in Acts 15:4, and 22, it is mentioned that the entire congregation were present at this meeting. However, in Acts 15: 6 -16 it was the apostles and elders who made the decision.

There are three primary responsibilities given to the elders and overseers. One is to care for the congregation which includes correction and dealing with sin. Two, is to preach Jesus Christ, the Messiah and the Kingdom of God so that as God wills others will become a part of His church. The third duty is to keep and teach truth and protect the church from wolves, lies and heresy.

Deuteronomy 1:13 God instructs Moses – “Choose wise, understanding and knowledgeable men from among your tribes, and I will make them heads over you.” Acts 6:3 – “therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business.” Here is an outline of how to select men for service. The Greek for appoint is kathisteri, also used in Titus 1:5, it means “to set in place” or “to set in order.”

Paul instructs Titus to appoint elders and overseers (verse 7). Some were already elders and being considered for overseer. Titus 1:5-9 – “The reason I left you in Crete was that you might straighten out what was left unfinished and appoint elders in every town, as I directed you. An elder must be blameless, the husband of but one wife, a man whose children believe and are not open to the charge of being wild and disobedient. Since an overseer is entrusted with God’s work, he must be blameless—not overbearing, not quick-tempered, not given to drunkenness, not violent, not pursuing dishonest gain. Rather he must be hospitable, one who loves what is good, who is self-controlled, upright, holy and disciplined. He must hold firmly to the trustworthy message as it has been taught, so that he can encourage others by sound doctrine and refute those who oppose it.”

In Acts 6:3 the people are told seek out and recommend seven men. Who would better know the character and qualifications then those who are familiar because of constant interaction and communication? The qualifications listed by Paul to Timothy and Titus require intimate knowledge of the men, what they were like. The apostles and other were busy establishing new churches, not in anyone place for a length of time. Naturally they would seek the input, advice and opinion of the members, it is they who will live with the choice.

Also, another important aspect concerning congregational selection of leaders is that important matter of accountability. Layers of management in church administration only confuse issues, and the ability to exercise righteous authority necessary to correct and change a situation as needed. In matters of contention, misunderstanding or even failure to perform – open discussion and wise counsel should be the format for resolution.

An elder is not a minister as commonly and wrongly understood by many commentaries and mistranslations in the King James Bible. The manner of selecting elders and men for various positions of leadership within the congregation is important. One principle must be understood whether a person is an elder, overseer, teacher or whatever—these are only positions of service. The relationship of every individual member is with Jesus Christ. He is directly involved and responsible for His people. Individually and as a church we are to be the Bride of Christ, now we are promised to Christ, it would not be wise for any man to inject himself in to that relationship.

Moses was instructed to select as elders men who were known among the people as capable. Scriptures seem to indicate that an overseer or perhaps a group of leaders would appoint an elder based on the support of the congregation as a whole. Also it is possible that an elder could be chosen from among qualified men of the congregation by a show of hands verifying that the selection was acceptable. It appears that most, if not all appointments, selection, was a combination of the leadership and congregation members being in unanimous agreement. It does not appear elders had hands laid on, nor does it seem that there was a procedure for removing an elder. Situations and circumstances change, or an elder makes a mistake or somehow disqualifies himself from the responsibility and privilege of service. Perhaps he retire from duties, whatever the case an elder is not an ordained position and it is not necessarily for all time. An elder is accountable.

In Acts, when we have a laying on of hands ceremony, it is done unto that individual who has been given a specific mission or job to do and it is publicly noted. God is asked to bless and sanction the person and his specific commission.

Our calling and conversion is direct to Jesus, the Messiah. There are to be no ranks of ministers who in any shape, form, or matter should insert themselves in that relationship.

Wrong interpretation of scripture and desire to control people and money cause men to establish systems of rule and authority in order to secure unto themselves power and prestige. God and Jesus will not have this among those who He permits to serve His people. In God’s time, and within His church whatever needs to be accomplished from forming congregations, teaching, helping, caring for the sick, organization—to preaching the Gospel of Jesus and the Kingdom of God, it will be done by the Spirit of God working in each individual member of His church. We are obligated to humbly and happily submit to Jesus and except by the fact of his relationship to God—as a Son, His life, death and resurrection, His position of qualified ruler in our lives. He is our husband, He has proven Himself and we are to submit and obey Him – He is to lead and guide our lives. Jesus is also our High Priest who intercedes for us.

A Time For Casting Lots

It has been seen that certain leaders in the past (prophets and apostles as examples) are selected directly by God. Others are selected by appointment; some are selected by voting (show of hands). There is yet another method of selecting leaders. Acts 1: 23-26 – “And they appointed two; Joseph called Barabbas, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias. And they prayed, and said, ‘You Lord, which know the hearts of all men, show which of these two you have chosen. That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place.’ And they gave forth their lots: and the lot fell upon Matthias and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.” Here we see two men Barabbas and Matthias, who came into consideration to replace Judas. Both qualified, but the apostles were not able to make a discernment as to which should be chosen. They took the matter before God. Verse 26, “And they cast lots and the lot fell to Matthias.” Historical reference say that the method for casting lots was to write each person’s name on a small stone or piece of wood, putting the “lots” in a narrow necked jar, shaking and letting one lot fall out.

When Simon Magus attempted to buy his way into the church, Peter said in Acts 8:21, “You have neither part nor lot in this matter” (King James Version). The Greek kleros, translated lots, is the same as used in Acts 1:26 and in Matthew 27:30 when the soldiers cast lots for the Messiah’s garments. Peter was making it clear to Simon that he was not qualified and would not be given any consideration. Besides selecting the new apostle, it is clear lots was an on going consideration when it was thought, or through events the necessary and better method of selection.

Leviticus 16:8 mentions that the casting of lots was included in some of the temple services, but it had other uses not directly related to the priesthood. In Numbers 26: 52-5, we find the land was divided among the Israelites “by casting lots.” Joshua 14:13 gives an explanation of how this was done. This method basically did away with arguments and complaints about who got what and for what reason. God’s will was sought and his determination was understood in the matter. Proverbs 18: 18 – “Casting lots causes contentions to cease and keeps the mighty apart.” But even beyond these examples, God explains through the prophet the land of Israel will be divided again in the millennium by the casting of lots (Ezekiel 45:1; 47:21-22; 48:29).

Physical inheritance was selected by lots, and so we have the principle of spiritual selections and inheritance being chosen by lot (God’s decision) as demonstrated in the New Testament. Joshua 7:10-20, God instructs Joshua how to determine who sinned and caused Israel to lose the battle. God could have told Joshua, but instead chose the casting of lots. They did this several times until it was found that Achan was the guilty person. God wanted all to know that casting lots when seeking his guidance and decision in hard matters was permissible as long as they expressed faith and abided in the outcome of the lots.

Scripture show that we do not need a specific command from God to cast lots. Proverbs 18:18 indicates that some situations can best be resolved by casting lots. When the men on Jonah’s ship (Jonah 1:6-7) came into a mighty storm they knew someone in their midst was responsible. They prayed and cast lots and God gave them the answer. Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist was selected by lot to burn incense in the course of his duties. (Luke 1:5-11) Isaiah 34:17 – “He (God) has cast the lot for them and His hand has divided it among them.” God makes decisions and apparently He “cast lots” for certain determinations. Proverbs 16:33 – “The lot is cast into the lap, but the disposing thereof is of the Lord.” When God’s will is desired this method can serve as a means of general agreement when a consensus is not present and the ability to make a selection is not present.

Acts 1:23-26 has the guiding principles. “So they proposed two men: Joseph called Barabbas (also known as Justus) and Matthias. Then they prayed, “Lord, you know everyone’s heart. Show us which of these two you have chosen to take over this apostolic ministry, which Judas left to go where he belongs. Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to the eleven apostles.”

The apostles understood that the replacement apostle should be one that had been with Jesus and knew Him. They found two men that met these qualifications. Before the point is reached to cast lots the responsibility of the elders and those involved is to have narrow matters down to considering only qualified people; people with experience, education, ability, right attitude and so on. It is not a matter of selecting from a group of want-a-be’s. Everything has been done at the human level to arrive at a decision and for whatever reason there is not a consensus of agreement. At this point casting lots is permissible and proper. The basic obligation is we do what we know we must do first.

In this process of selection, prayer is understood to be an important and integral part. Moreover, sometimes prayer does not bring resolution so casting the lot becomes the responsible solution. In verse 24 of Acts 1, we see that the decision had been made to cast the lot but even so at the very moment of casting they prayed for God’s will, confirming all their earlier prayers and concluding that it was God’s will they wanted—then were lots cast. Without prayer lot casting is nothing more than chance. A part of their final prayer was “you, O Lord, who know the hearts of all…” the choice God makes in these situations has nothing to do with a person’s conviction and sincerity (although it is possible there is a serious attitude/spiritual problem unknown), but it is a request asking God to select who He considers best suited for the task at hand.

Once the decision is made there must be no disputing. In Verse 26 we see the lots were cast, it fell upon Matthias and without hesitation or discussion he was numbered as an apostle. (All apostles to qualify as such must have known Jesus personally and have been chosen of God. Paul thus was also considered an apostle). Contrary to what some have said of themselves or what others claimed for them, they do not qualify as an apostle.

In ancient times stone, pottery or wood were used for lots, however today some sort of paper would do, placed in an opaque, narrow necked bottle or jar, shaken and than one dumped out. Picking out of a bowl or hat is also acceptable as long as each piece of paper is of uniform size and shape.

It may happen at times that a decision needs to be made by the elders and no clear understanding and consensus of God’s will can be determined, then casting lots is a Biblical solution in seeking the answer. As Proverbs 16:33 states – “the lot is cast into the lap, but disposing thereof is of the Lord.”

A True Christian Attitude Is All Important

Upon examination, as we have done, it is clear the New Testament does not contain an organized presentation of a specific government form. We do not find a specific list of jobs for a local congregation. We do not find a list of “headquarters” positions. There is no line of authority from someone at top working thru some sort of management team to direct the local congregations. We see several methods for placing people in various jobs of service. With the exception of teacher we do not see a specific plan for removing people from a job (Titus 3:10). There is the over riding principle that any servant position, be it of elder, overseer, teacher or whatever, it is understood, that if a person has an open and flagrant sin, or for some reason has lost understanding and appreciation of sound doctrine, then the situation must be dealt with. Corrective measures should be taken, and the position of service should be cancelled for that individual.

We do not see a complete and detailed picture of how monies were collected and how it was accounted for and distributed for what purposes. The only thing stated is that worthy servants, depending on contribution and time given is due reasonable compensation. From examples seen in Scripture and common sense itself there has to be a source or sources of income for the expenses that any type of operation, religious or otherwise, will generate. We have certain Biblical guidelines, but God basically expects us to take care of all needful things in a mature common sense way.

We find none of the apostles and others concerned about a successor or naming one. They understood that Jesus Christ is directly in charge of his church. Directing individuals, congregations and groups by God’s Holy Spirit flowing from God to us and back to Jesus Christ.

The Bible does not teach a military top down authority form of human government which exercises rule and control that can be intrusive and presumptuous. There is respect for authority and position of responsibility as demonstrated throughout Scripture. God’s elect are to be in submission one to another. Perhaps on occasion, there is a time to obey first and than better understand a little later. II Timothy 2:2 – “And the things that you have heard among many witnesses, commit these to faithful men who will be able to teach others also.” God always wants obedience with understanding so that we may live ours correctly and be able to teach others.

Sincere questions or good reasons for independent action should not automatically be assumed to be a sign of rebellion or “here is a troublemaker.” The instruction for acceptable Christian behavior towards God and man is clear, however, we are unique individuals and God’s law gives much leeway for personal opinions, taste, choice and behavior that in no way infringe on a righteous life. I Cor. 16:12 – Here Apollos made a decision apart from what Paul desired. In Acts 15: 36-41 Paul and Barnabas agreed on a trip. Barnabas wanted to take John Mark. Paul did not. They could not agree and so went separate ways. No hint of Paul claiming insubordination, or wrong attitude, being uncooperative, nothing like that. Two men with different thoughts.

Different forms of government are seen in the Bible and a look at history shows different methods of government. The success and well-being of the people often depends on the righteousness of the leader and not so much its form. In our democratic/republican form of government the well being of the nation depends very much on the people and leaders being responsible and righteous with each other.

Jesus in John 15: 14-17 told His followers He was treating them as friends, not servants. Mat. 20:25-26 – “But Jesus called them unto him and said, You know that the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are great exercise authority upon them. But it shall not be so among you: but whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant.” We as converted people are forbidden to “lord it over” others, but we are to be friends and servants to each other. Jesus was known as a friend of publicans and treated them fairly and kindly. Jesus in His glory referred to Abraham and Moses as friends.

All men, including leaders, are commanded to seek wise counsel. This will on many occasions include the council of peers, other leaders and the brethren. Phil. 2:2-8 – “We are to be like minded, having the same love, being of one accord…” Please read these verses, they give important information.

A problem for all Christians is sometimes talking without thinking and speaking without due consideration of the other person’s situation, degree of understanding, or personal considerations. We must be careful to avoid offense that might cause a new or weak person to stumble. In Mat. 18:6 Jesus made it clear how He feels about offending, especially the innocent and sincere. Paul in I Cor. 8 talks at great length how important it was to him not to cause his brother to stumble and to what lengths he would go to avoid giving offense.

In Scripture there is not one example of a true Christian leader/servant using or implying a “do it because I say so” or “I am in charge and authority will be respected.” The purpose is obvious in light of Scripture or an explanation is given. It is also interesting to note there are no instructions to congregational leaders/servants on how to preserve their “status and authority.” As long as one stays in the parameters of true Christian service for whatever the job assignment, he is acceptable. It does happen on occasions that changes and adjustments may be necessary – it should not be taken personal, knowing that the intent is for the betterment of congregation and Body of Christ as a whole.

Elders and servants are to be humble and slow to fault and criticize, but when someone is working to deceive the brethren with faulty ideas and opinions or seeking a following for himself then leaders are obligated to speak up quickly and take immediate action. Titus 1:10-13, “For there are many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers, specially they of the circumcision. Whose mouths must be stopped, who subvert whole houses, teaching things which they ought not, for filthy lucre’s sake. One of themselves, even a prophet of their own, said. The Cretians are always liars, evil beasts, slow bellies. This witness is true. Wherefore rebuke them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith.” Notice the first course of action is to give correction so they can be “sound in the faith.” No mention of suspension or disfellowshipment. However, this is a very real option if the brethren are continually threatened.

How to Handle Disagreements

Within God’s congregation there is no place for self-seeking, high-handed authority and also there is no place for self-seeking, uncooperative brethren. It is the duty of the elect (Bride of Christ) to follow and cooperate with their leadership as much as possible within the instructions and commands of Scripture. I Cor. 11:1 – Paul says, “Keep the traditions as I delivered them to you.” Romans 15: 1-3 – “We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves. Let every one of us please his neighbor for his good to edification. For even Christ pleased not himself: but, as it is written, the reproaches of them that reproached you fell on me.” Phil. 2:3-4 – “Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem others better than themselves. Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others.”

The Jerusalem conference of Acts 15 is a good example of working together. The conference was planned and each was responsible for being in attendance. In the end when the apostles and elders came to a decision, people were expected to accept it. If people resist the working of God’s Spirit in others, than they are tearing down rather than building up. Anyone who disagrees with the congregational leadership should be very sure of the Scriptural basis for his thinking. Whether our works are good or bad, we are responsible. I Cor. 3: 11-15 – “For no other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble. Every man’s work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it because it shall be revealed by fire: and the fire shall try every man’s work of what sort it is. If any man’s work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward. If any man’s work shall be burned he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved: yet so as by fire.”

When there are disagreements, they should be approached privately, if possible. Issues should be discussed, but people should not be attacked. The matter should be carefully and objectively considered. II Peter 2:10-11 and Jude 8 & 9 tells us that even the angels will not bring reviling accusations against Satan for his evil works. In Gal. 2:11 when Paul disagreed with Peter, he went to him privately and directly. Gal. 2:11 – “When Peter came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he was clearly in the wrong.”

The whole chapter of Romans 14 shows it is not necessary to solve all differences, the teaching of Romans 14:1 is clear. “Receive one who is weak in the faith, but not to dispute over doubtful things.” The assembly of believers should receive such people and not create a large dispute or persuade one to act against his will. In these matters there is no bases to insist on “compliance or separation.” Paul states, “but he who doubts is condemned, if he eats, because he does not eat from faith; for whatever is not of faith is sin.” Verse 12 and 13 – “So then each of us shall give account of himself to God, therefore let us not judge one another anymore…”

Problems Must Be Dealt With

Problems such as personal sin involving an elder or a member within the congregation need to be dealt with. However, we also have at times personal disputes, misunderstanding among individuals, families and groups that need to be handled. Also it may happen that a member or several know of a friend who has a sin or has flawed Biblical understanding that needs correction. Mat 18: 15-20 explains the principle for dealing with these situations. “Moreover if your brother shall trespass against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone: if he shall hear you, you have gained your brother. But if he will not hear you, then take with you one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. Surely I say unto you, whatsoever you shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever you shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Again I say unto you, that if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father, which is in heaven. For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.” This binding and loosing does not give men some sort of unlimited and presumptuous authority. It simply means if the decision is within the law, statues and judgments and is principled in Scripture, then the decision stands before God.

This procedure is effective. The person that understands and or perceives the fault or offense should try to work it out directly with the person or persons involved. This type of resolution, when possible, minimizes problems for everyone. If this should fail or in someway a satisfactory resolution is not obtained, then one or two witness must be obtained, people that have first hand knowledge of the problem. The effort is to find truth so that a just resolution is arrived at. It is wrong to seek sympathetic friends, but whatever the case, witnesses must be forthright and honest in every way concerning their word on the matter. The next step if there is refusal to acknowledge wrong or misdeed as verified by the witnesses, than it should go to the church (ekklesia). Does this mean before the whole congregation or only before the leadership? There are several arguments either way. But I believe the key is Christian common sense base in wisdom and maturity. The principle is that unless absolutely necessary for the good of the many, a person’s personal sins and struggles should not be broadcast about. Through Jesus, the Messiah, our sins against God are forgotten and put away, to never be recalled. It is best that the leadership come to understand completely the problem and how serious it is and thus be resolved at this point.

It is interesting to note that it was very unusual for God to make an issue of sin concerning any of those he called to serve him. The fathers, prophets, kings, apostles, and others were as we all are – human and prone to the weaknesses of the flesh and emotions. A notable exception was David and his sin with Bathsheba, a sin that had as much to do with murder as adultery. It was known by many that David set the whole thing up and it was common knowledge in his kingdom and the surrounding countries. The matter was public and it cost David his son. Everyone is equal and no partiality or favoritism is to be shown, hypocrisy and injustice are repugnant to God. Therefore a serious personal sin must be dealt with and exposed only to that point that ensures fairness and an impartial and balanced decision. (Mercy and compassion must be included, but not the determining factors when making final resolution). It would be unusual and unnecessary for the congregation to be part of a forum on matters of this nature. The leadership must not be moved by a personal friendship and feelings.

In I Corinthians is the story of a man having sexual relations with his mother-in-law, the whole congregation knew but failed to respond. Paul dealt with it publicly because the people had judged self-righteously and were also guilty.

Paul dealt with heresy and false teachings in an altogether different way. It is possible for a man to make a mistake and have a wrong understanding of Scripture or some doctrine and it is perceived not to be malicious then Matthew 18: 15-20 should apply. If it is a teacher or elder the matter is more serious, but it must be addressed quickly and directly and if an offender will not accept proven truth, than he must be immediately relieved of public responsibilities. Also he should be counseled and worked with to determine the underlying problem.

For those who knowingly teach lies and false doctrine there can be no excuse. The congregation has a duty to be always alert, the leadership (elders) is responsible to immediately stop and remove the offender from the congregation. Circumstances often may be as such that the full measure of Mat. 18: 15-20 cannot be applied.

When heresy and lies are taught and spread about by whatever means in order to divide and upset the congregation, and God’s Word is manipulated, contrived and confused in order that certain ones would obtain a following for themselves, then these offenders must be immediately separated from the church and all contact with the brethren. As soon as possible and publicly before the whole assembly names are to be mentioned and the extended nature of the treason is to be made clear, in this manner all will be warned and responsible.

Mat. 16:19 – “…And whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatsoever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” This is one of those scriptures that many presume upon and trip over. The first part of verse 19 talks about the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven. The keys are not human authority to decide and make decision for others, the keys have to do with understanding and teaching the sacrifice of Jesus Christ and the plan of salvation for mankind. With this great responsibility it was necessary for Jesus to give some additional instructions. Jesus was not only addressing Peter, but in Matthew 18 we see that Jesus addresses all the apostles in how to resolve differences, which we have discussed at length. However, there is something that should be added here so there is no misunderstanding.

In Exodus 18, Moses settled the many disputes that came forth among the people, later others were selected to assist Moses because it was more than he could handle. Moses and others judged among the people and rendered decisions based on the commandments, statutes, and judgments received from God. The responsibility and power was to make decisions for matters brought by the people. These decisions were to be based on the Law and teaching of Scripture, judgements must conform to and agree in principle with the specific instructions and guidelines of scriptures. No man has the right to impute his personal feeling or opinion. No authority was given to lord or rule over people, but rather to serve and help them resolve in a satisfactory way the occasional conflict or misunderstanding that would arise.

Disagreements that Can Lead To Division

In the New Testament, we have several examples of members departing from truth (II Cor. 11:4; Gal 1:6, 3:1; Eph. 4:14; Jude 1:3; II John 7; Rev. 2:1-7).

Disagreements regarding policy or understanding of Scripture often fall into 3 categories.

1. An individual or group within the congregation may become upset about some particular issue. Efforts should be made by all to help these people work out and examine the facts and come to a right understanding. An attempt should not be made to stop them from withdrawing, if this is their decision it should be respected. An attitude of “can I help” is all that is necessary, no pressure should be applied—these issues are a personal matter.
2. If an individual or group is causing great upset and difficulty among the assembly they may have to be separated.
3. It is possible the whole assembly or group of believers, at least the vast majority, are headed in the wrong direction. Those who see clearly the error may have to depart and separate themselves.

On the one hand when evidence is mounting as to the depth and true nature of the problem decisive action should be taken. On the other hand, a certain measure of time needs to be considered so that nothing is assumed and that the offenders may see the error of their ways or they may leave of their own will. In these matters it is always necessary to know exactly what the status of the situation is and if necessary to act quickly to protect the congregation as a whole and the individual member. Heresy, rebellion and their relatives are as witchcraft and condemned by God.

In Acts 15:24 there is the issue of circumcision and the Jerusalem conference is called to resolve this and other issues. Some had left because of this one issue. The leadership gave an explanation of the issues. The correct understanding is made clear. Then we see that those who could or would not accept the truth as taught and supported by scriptures left. As John 2:19 states, “They went out from us, but they were not of us…”

Sometimes it will happen that those with a serious disagreement will not leave on their own. Because the ramifications can be widespread and devastating it will be worthwhile to make some additional comments. This matter of putting out and excommunicating someone or group from the Body of Christ is very serious business.

Some have the notion that personal sins should be exposed and dealt with by the congregation as a whole. It was an extremely rare thing for God to make mention of a devoted believers personal carnal and emotional sin. We are all sinners and, on occasion these types of sins have to be met and resolved. As long as they are not public knowledge and issues, the elders and the necessary qualified leadership should handle them in private.

Again in I Cor. 5:4-5, we have the man overtaken with the sin of adultery, on going and habitual—public knowledge, the man was throwing the matter into everyone’s face. The second problem was the congregation had become self-righteous and tolerant of the sin- the liberal attitude—“who are we to judge” or they thought to show their “compassion and mercy” by giving the matter endless times. Because of the seriousness of the situation and very public knowledge by the congregation, Paul was obligated to make public issue and separate the offender from their midst. The agreement was to put the sin and sinner away from the congregation until repented of. We see later in II Cor. 2:6 Paul gives instructions to remit the man, upon true repentance, when he was no longer sinning.

When a sufficient number of members (perhaps a majority) of a congregation accept a false teacher or an unacceptable doctrine, the only thing a converted person can do is withdraw from the erring assembly. I Tim. 6:3-5: “If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness: He is proud, knowing nothing, but doting about questions and strifes of words; whereof comes envy, strife, railings, evil surmising. Perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw yourself.” “Does not consent to wholesome words.” This phrase tells us these type of people are not interested nor will they listen to truth. They have determined what is important in their lives. There is no longer any hope for correcting error.

II Thes. 3:6 – “But we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ that you withdraw from every brother who walks disorderly and not according to the tradition (truth as given by Jesus) which he receive from us.” When evil, lies and twisting of truth take over and have become the primary influence, than departure is the only real solution (Mat. 19:29).

In Romans 16:17, again the idea of withdrawing is repeated. “Now I urge you, brethren, note those who cause division and offenses, contrary to the doctrine which you learned, and avoid them.” The King James Version says ‘mark them” instead of “note.” The Greek skopeo means “to look at” or “take notice.” This word does not indicate some kind of public pronouncement; the understanding is to avoid such people.

When Should a Person Be “Put Out”

The Bible gives two primary reasons for separating someone from the Body of Christ. We discussed I Cor. 5 and made clear that sins of the flesh and emotions need to be dealt with and sometimes in a public way. Some have taken I Tim. 5:19-20 to mean this is instruction to be public with everyone. The context is elders and before their peers they may receive correction and be rebuked. Perhaps it is doctrinal misunderstanding or a personal fault that has been noticed by others. Proper corrective action must be taken and the congregation will soon notice how things are being handled. It is not a good idea to get in the habit of public accusation and fault finding. This should be done only when absolutely necessary. A person’s sins, which are flagrant and constant, must be separated from the brethren. The congregation as a whole should be aware so that they may fear and God to outsiders and all concerned is not dishonored.

Sometimes, personal sins are dealt with by the leadership. The purpose being to giving counsel, direction and whatever help they are able. However, it may be decided that this person, for his own good and that of the congregation, should be suspended for a time until the fruits of repentance are obvious and clear to all.

The other reason to “put out” or separate someone is for divisive teaching with roots in false doctrines. Disfellowship and mark are two words that should be avoided because we do not want to find ourselves making judgments that are reserved only for Jesus Christ as head of the church. Romans 14 and other scriptures tells us there is room for differences of opinions and understanding. There maybe variations of understanding, and different levels of Christian maturity. However, the basic elements of truth as taught in the Old Testament, reinforced by Jesus Christ, preached and firmly established by the apostles, are not open to idol talk and reasoning. Either we believe and know what the foundation of our faith is, and why we obey God, or we do not, and are thus wasting time and effort. Please read the following verses from your own Bible. They are quite informative and to the point. I John 4:1-3; Jude 10, 12, 16-18; II Pet. 2:14, Vs. 9-15, Vs. 19-22; II John 7:11.

Review and Concluding Remarks

We have seen that the Bible talks about many methods of government. God selected or allowed each according to His purpose and the circumstance of the time. What is most critical for true Christians to understand is how does Christ exercises authority in His church and why.

Jesus Christ is the first begotten Son of God, He emptied Himself of His spiritual existence to take on the fleshly body of mankind. He had God’s Holy Spirit beyond measure and thus a relationship with God through obedience and prayer that no human, because of our foundation, will ever hope to approach. Jesus is our qualified Messiah who offers us everlasting life.

We establish our relationship to God the Father through the acceptance of the death and shed blood of Jesus Christ. Further we believe Jesus Christ now lives as our High Priest, seated on the Father’s right hand side and is working to qualify us, as we put forth the effort, to be in the kingdom of God and granted everlasting life.

We are placed in God’s church, and given reasonable security for our future upon believing, repentance, baptism, and the receiving of the Holy Spirit. The relationship of Christ to His church, which is often referred to as the Bride of Christ, is unique and must be properly understood if we are to be a matured, prepared and faithful wife upon His coming and the giving of the promise. These things are written to help believers understand and have a beneficial and maturing relationship with Jesus Christ and God the Father.

In the family relationship, the husband is the head and under the husband is the wife. Jesus is a jealous husband and He does not take kindly to those who would seek, perhaps unknowingly, to get between Him and His wife, or to in some way, cause upset and confusion in the relationship.

God has given us gifts to enhance this relationship and to help us always keep in mind that as individuals and as part of His church, our relationship is direct and one on one. Jesus intends no man or organization, no matter how they may reason, to step-in or in some way claim a divine right to speak for the bride or the groom or to some how exercise authority in this personal and intimate relationship.

The Passover when properly understood and kept dramatically shows the personal relationship between Jesus and His church. Christ’s blood is for each and everyone of us. This ceremony is our acknowledgement and acceptance of what Jesus did for us as our husband.

At the Human Level Within the Congregation

How Things Should Be Approached and Handled

Although the Bible talks about the various forms of government allowed by God, we understand the type of governance Jesus talked about which was established by the apostles is what we desire to imitate. The relationship between Jesus and His church is spiritual, but individuals and groups of people must have rules and standards of conduct that allow for smooth relationships between the members within the congregation so that our supreme relationship with Jesus is not hindered or infringed upon. There is much flexibility in how we accomplish things among ourselves – a designed opportunity for growing and maturing more into the likeness of Christ.

Therefore, it is that we recognize that the eternal God is the one supreme God and His Son, Jesus the Messiah our Savior, elder brother and future husband is the direct head of the church, the Body, consisting of numerous members. We must always look for His will and not seek to establish our own authority, rather to understand and copy the structure of the Apostolic New Testament church. The relationship is direct with Jesus Christ to the Body (congregation) and to the individual member. No man or system is to be permitted to pressure this relationship. We know there is of necessity positions of authority and responsibility but all this is to serve and help each member in his direct and personal relationship to Christ.

We recognize that God gives gifts to individuals within the assembly. Among themselves, members are obligated to recognize these gifts and encourage their exercise in the appropriate way. Elders are to be a part of the decision making process in the congregation. A man’s works, reputation, maturity of years, demonstration of ability and natural talent and people skills are among the important criteria for selecting an elder or overseer. The congregation with a show of hands may readily acknowledge this individual. At times the leadership as a whole who have open dialog with the congregation best make the selection. On rare occasion lots may used to designate an elder and or overseer. The fruits prove a man; nevertheless, in this as all things God’s will is to be sought. Many decisions such as choosing a hall, expenditures, preaching the gospel and so on should be open to all for their input, ideas, and suggestions. Whatever the task at hand it is always to be done decently and in order thus responsible leadership is exercised for the benefit of everyone.

The Messiah-centered form of government is what was established in first century congregations. Personal Christian responsibility, powered by the oversight of Jesus working through the Holy Spirit in each person, is to benefit each member of the assembly. When set-up and working properly, a Christ-centered congregation (church) functions to serve in many positive ways. False prophets, liars, and deceivers are quickly recognized and dealt with.

A true congregation or assembly of believers is never dependent on a single man or some type of headquarters. Certainly there should be cooperation among the congregations for such efforts as preaching the Gospel so that Christ will add as it pleases God the Father.

We find in the earlier church no dynasty of leaders. We find many positions of service and help being adjusted as needed to benefit the whole. It is true that among the early New Testament congregations, leaders with special missions and jobs were held in high regard. Men such as Paul established congregations and oversaw their growth and maturity in Christ, and worked that heresy should not gain a foothold. The Messiah-centered government works. It is the only form of governance, which encourages each member’s relationship directly to Jesus Christ. Personalities and systems of control are discouraged. However, because man is not perfect, there is of necessity imperfection is this system as has been explained. Our responsibility is personal, one on one with Jesus. The following verses explain this. Mat. 24:45-51; John 15:5; John 14: 12-16; II Peter 3:17-18.

Men Can Change

It would be foolish to think that a righteous man or organization cannot change, that they will always stay the same. We should not be paranoid about this, but wise and aware. Paul even admitted he could possibly go astray if he did not keep himself in subjection. How do we do this? Always self examination, not taking truth for granted and keeping close to God, never presuming that we are self contained and have no further needs. This is pride and surely a fall will come (Hebrews 6:4-6,;10:26-27; and I Peter 2:20-22). Paul said in I Cor. 9:27 – “But I discipline my body and bring it into subjection lest, when I have preached to others. I myself should become disqualified.”

In Numbers 16, Korah and his followers were killed for rebelling. Why the rebellion? Moses was not teaching false doctrine or had some great public sin. What they saw was the power Moses had and wanted some of it (Num. 16:3). They knew God was working through Moses. But they were jealous and desired personal gain. So it is that such will find there way among God’s people.

It is understood that God commands men to decide between good and evil leaders. Please read: Deut. 13:3; I Cor. 11:18; II Peter 2:1; Rev. 2:2; and Rev. 3:9. There will be, for sure in our end time, men who will lie and secretly bring false doctrine into the Body of Christ. Men are fallible; we are commanded not to follow error. No man or woman is to obey without thinking and questioning as necessary. This would be idolatry. Unquestioned obedience is to Jesus and God the Father alone (Deut. 3:4 and Acts 5: 29). In the church and congregations of God there is to be no self-serving authority that would seek to weasel their way in between God and His elect or to in anyway presume upon Christ’s relationship with His bride.

God never set any man with complete authority over other men, not in the Old Testament or New Testament. In Gen. 1: 26-31, God gave men dominion over the whole earth, not men. Even though men in religious organizations have arrogantly presumed they had a special relationship with God to take liberties in authority, they are wrong. Christ only is to have complete authority in our lives for He alone is perfect, and determines right from wrong and establishes truth and justice for one and for all. Mark 10: 42-44 establishes the primary purpose of leadership as service. “But Jesus called them to him, and said unto them, you know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentile exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them. But it shall not be among you: but whosoever will be great among you, shall be your minister (servant). And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be servant of all.” The purpose for Christ centered, spirit leadership, is not to exert authority to force and encourage a growing relationship with Jesus, but rather it is to serve and help in love that relationship to be enhanced.

Be Careful of Organizational Pitfalls

In Luke 22:25-27, Jesus Christ said, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them: and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors. But ye shall not be so: but he that is greatest among you; let him be as the younger: and he that is chief, as he that does serve. For who is greater, he that sits at meat, or that serves? Is not he that sits at meat? But I am among you as he that serves.” In the world’s systems of government, the people serve the leaders or rulers. However, in God’s system those who have responsibility and authority are to be the greater servants. People, anyone of us, have to be alert to the tendency to look to men as our spiritual guides and rulers and begin to lessen our dependency on Christ. In Matthew 23:8-12, Jesus understood this tendency and made some comments. “But be not you called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all you are brethren. And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven. Neither be you called masters: for one is your Master, even Christ. But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant. And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased; and he that shall humble himself shall be exalted.”

The principles are very simple. Always look to Christ. Physical human leaders can become proud, inflated, and self-serving, and bound up in pride and arrogance. Arrogance leads to abusive, intrusive, wrong-headed, dictatorial forms of church government. Jesus gave certain positions of servant authority in His church so that the brethren and everyone concerned would be served and helped in their relationship with Jesus. All in the congregation have a duty to keep it that way and everyone should be examining themselves in these matters.

The Church of God is the Congregation of Christ

All those who belong to Jesus Christ, and who have God’s Holy Spirit, constitute the Body of Christ. They may or may not belong to an organization or group. Perhaps for whatever reason they are not part of a congregation, having regular contact with other believers. But as Paul wrote “For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we are Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one spirit. For the body is not one member but many” (I Cor 12:13-14). This is a spiritual body, consisting of true believers, called and chosen by God, with Jesus Christ as the head. Paul also wrote in Eph. 4:3 – “There is one body, and one Spirit, even as you are called in one hope of your calling.” It is good when true believers can form congregations, even though Jesus has many of His own scattered about.

“Humble Service Identifies God’s People”

Peter exclaimed in I Peter 4:10-11 – “Each one should use whatever gift he has received to serve others, faithfully administering God’s grace in its various forms. If anyone speaks, he should do it as one speaking the very words of God. If anyone serves, he should do it with the strength God provides, so that in all things God may be praised through Jesus Christ.”

All who serve God honestly and humbly, sincerely and to the best of their knowledge according to the truth of His Word, who have received the Spirit of God as a gift and help, belong to Christ. We are members of His spiritual body, which is not in any way a “human” church or “human” corporation.

The Purpose Of Leadership — Elders and Overseers

God’s Word tells us that the purpose of a “ministry” is to encourage growth. It is to encourage spiritual development by giving verbal communications expounding, clarifying and showing application of Scripture to our everyday lives. We should be encouraged to study, research, question, and investigate, to gain knowledge of God and His thinking. God wants us “to grow in grace, and the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (II Peter 3:18). We have discussed Ephesians 4:11-15, but still it would be good to read these verses again.

The purpose of elders and overseers is to be helpers, to help us grow in faith and knowledge of Christ As Paul said in II Cor. 1:24 – “Not for that we have dominion over your faith, but are helpers of your joy, for by faith you stand.” Each of us is in an individual relationship with God through His son Jesus Christ and that faith stands and grows as we mature in the truth of God. Jesus has put in His church helpers to that end.

Faith is between you and God—not any man. There is only one intermediary between you and God- Jesus Christ, Messiah (I Tim. 2:5). You and I have only one Savior—Jesus Christ (Acts 4:12). Jesus is our High Priest who intercedes for us.

I Thes. 5:12-13 as Paul writes – “And we beseech you, brethren, to know them which labor among you, and are over you in the lord, and admonish you; and to esteem them highly in love for their works sake.”

Paul wrote in Hebrews 13:17 – “Obey them that have rule over you and submit yourselves; for they watch for your souls, as they must give account.” verse 7 “Remember them that have rule over you, who have spoken unto you the word of God, whose faith follow, considering their conduct.” The word rule here is from the Greek which means “to lead” or “to guide” thus in God’s church there are those who indeed are leaders and guides and have a responsibility to govern in the church, they are spiritual governors. Peter said of God’s selected leadership in I Peter 5: 1-3 – “The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed: Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind; Neither as being lords over God’ heritage, but being ensamples to the flock.”

Authority and Separating

Sometimes God’s leaders do have to separate certain brethren or even elders, for the sake of protecting the flock. When there is public flagrant sin, heresy and lies, false attacks on members and leaders than drastic and immediate action should be taken. I Cor. 5: 3-5 – “For I verily, as absent in body, but present in spirit, have judged already, as though I were present, concerning him that hath so done this deed. In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when ye are gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, to deliver such an one unto Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.”

Elders and overseer have the duty to keep the church (congregation) clean, to clean it up if it becomes contaminated. II Tim. 4: 2-4 – “Preach the Word; be prepared in season and out of season; correct, rebuke and encourage, with great patience and careful instruction. For the time will come when men will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. They will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths.”

The duty of the leadership is to protect and preserve the flock. God’s leaders must at times exercise strong authority, as instructed by Christ. At times, unruly and rebellious members who have fallen into a critical and bitter attitude must be rebuked, exhorted, corrected, warned, by whatever means. The flock must be protected and guarded from those who would seek to devour it. (Heb. 12:14-15) In Rev. 19:7, we read – “The marriage of the Lamb is come and His wife has made herself ready.” She is not ready today, she is yet being purged, purified and made white. Rev. 19:8 – “And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of the saints.”

The Body of Christ is God’s Church

The Body of Christ, His church, is composed of every true believer, wherever they may be in this world. The Body of Christ, His true church, is not man-made – It is spiritual. Paul explains this very clearly in I Cor 12: 12-31. Please read these verses from your own Bible.

If we are truly a part of the Body of Christ, then we are among those “parts” mentioned in verses 12-31. God has given each of us various abilities to use in His service, to encourage, strengthen and edify the other parts. In Eph. 4: 14-16, Paul explains this matter. “That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, be the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive: But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ from whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplies, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, makes increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love.”

No human church organization fulfills the description of the Body of Christ. All have failures and fall short in some way. True Christians who have been baptized, received God’s Holy Spirit are members of the spiritual “Body of Christ.” True members of the Body of Christ are becoming perfect in doctrine and striving to understand clearly all Scripture. Beside these things they are unified in love for each other. Jesus said in John 15: 12-17, “My command is this; love each other as I have loved you. Greater love has no man than this, that he lay down his life for his friends. This is my command: Love each other.” Two things that establish the Body of Christ are—the love of the truth of God and love toward neighbor. James 3: 13-18 explains this idea. “…But the wisdom (truth) that comes from heaven is first of all pure, than peace loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial and sincere. Peace makers who sow in peace raise a harvest of righteousness.” The body of Christ, whether as an individual or a congregation, meets the requirements. These things are not to be found in their fullest intent among “organized” churches.

Observing the holy days and Sabbaths does not prove that one knows Christ or God, or truly belongs to Him. Everything is based on a personal relationship. A relationship that says “yes, Lord, I know that you are truly the Son of the living God, that my sins are covered by your blood, you own me. I am dedicated to keeping the whole spiritual intent of the law and striving every day to become more as you are.” If this is true of each of us, than we are true Christians.

We “abide in Christ” by abiding in His word and keeping His commandments. This has nothing to do with abiding in some particular church organization of men. Leaders and whole churches can go astray—there is no security in men—only Christ and He will not accept a sloppy relationship.

Jesus Is the True Vine

A true Christian must cling to the true vine, which is not a personality or some sort of organization. The true vine is Christ! It plainly tells us so in John 15: 1-6 – “I am the true vine … I am the vine; you are the branches. If a man remains in me (not some church that claims a responsibility for making you a secure branch) and I in Him, He will bear much fruit… if anyone or church branch does not remain in me, and in the truth of God He (or whatever the group/ organization) is like a branch that is thrown away and withers… .” It is simple and clear a true Christian must follow Christ and not men. Jesus taught we must abide in Him—not some physical organization of men which claim to represent him. We must remain in His word. In John 15, Jesus said, “You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you. Remain in Me and I will remain in you (by means of the Holy Spirit). No branch can bear fruit by itself (cut off from Christ); it must remain in the vine. Neither can you bear fruit unless you remain in me” (Verses 3-4).

Government In the Church of God

The Bible has a great deal of information on how God expects us to receive Him and our neighbors. It talks a great deal about organization and authority but even so, there is little information about how a local congregation should be run, the order of service, who does what, and so on. The New Testament does mention, although not in great detail, how things were done in the apostles’ time during the first century. God understood that the visible church, the congregations and assemblies, would take different forms over many hundred years, operating under different circumstances and under different civil governments. For these reasons and more God purposely left out detailed instructions. God allowed, and it was His intention, to allow members the freedom to operate their local congregations according to needs of the particular group, the consideration of the times and the location. This system allows many service opportunities and helps to identify and prepare leaders. As previously discussed, members and the leadership work together, there is to be discussion and consideration of all ideas and opinions. Decision at times need to be made-but in all this everything is to be done decently and in order so that God is honored by the cooperation and example given by all within the congregation and as may be the situation those who are outside our fellowship.

Even so there is an over riding principle for administering a church congregation. We know that there are many forms of governance and authority established and exercised in the churches of the world. Even in some groups that are a part of the Church of God. There is a tendency to direct and rule a member’s relationship to God, a certain “I am in charge and I know God and what is good for you.” There is a tendency to confuse and blur the relationship Jesus is seeking to have with each converted member. Many ministers just do not understand how to serve and help and yet not get in the way or be presumptuous. The true church of God is a spiritual organism that extends throughout the world and is composed of spirit-begotten and led children of God. For those Christians dedicated to Jesus Christ, His way and purpose, there is only one form of government – that is theocracy! Each member of God’s true church is connected to God, ruled by God by means of His Holy Spirit in us. The relationship to God the Father is through Jesus Christ and it is a personal and intimate relationship with equal value for God and His Son. God is supreme and Jesus, the Messiah is our living Savior. There is to be no human church leader standing between Christ and each member. It is Christ who stands between us and God as our mediator (1 Tim. 2:5).

Romans 8:6-10 – “To be carnal minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace, the spirit is life because of righteousness. Romans 8: 14-17 – “For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are the sons of God…The Spirit bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God…heirs of God and join heirs with Christ…” Our relationship with Jesus is not a second thought, it is primary, it is unique and it is the way to everlasting life. Paul further states in Romans 8 that God’s Spirit is not a spirit of fear or bondage. It is a spirit that allows us direct access to God. It is God’s spirit that ultimately will give us the gift of everlasting life, being glorified together with Christ.

It is good when true Christians can meet, be taught and fellowship on a regular basis. Sometimes this is not possible. Hebrews 10:25 commands assembly when possible so that we may encourage and help one another as we see that day approach. However, we must always remember ours is an individual spiritual relationship with God and Jesus the Messiah. Therefore, we should always be asking ourselves questions. Am I drawing closer to God, yielding to God, searching, examining my innermost being? Am I always desirous of the wisdom of God that clarifies and establishes truth? Do I continuously examine God’s word to learn and to become clean? Do I truly understand my evil human nature and the subtleties of Satan and his demons? Am I doing all I can to be a son or daughter in whom God is well pleased, living my life with Christ in me, letting the Holy Spirit direct and lead me? Is the old man dying daily and the new man making the righteous effort and walk? Will God see me as ready and prepared for the first and better resurrection to everlasting life? Will he be able to say to you and me, “Well done, good and faithful servant.” Do I understand, do I see the things I need to see in order to work out my own salvation? These things should always be before us. For truly we are God’s selected people, and Jesus is our Savior and husband.